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social pension
A social pension (also known as a non-contributory pension) is a regular cash transfer to older people. Eligibility is based on age and citizenship/residency, and almost always on means such as income, assets or other pension income. Over (100 countries ) in the world have some form of social pension, although design varies significantly.〔HelpAge International Pension watch country fact file http://www.pension-watch.net/country-fact-file/〕 〔HelpAge International Social Pensions Database http://www.pension-watch.net/about-social-pensions/about-social-pensions/social-pensions-database/〕 〔http://www.pension-watch.net/pensions/about-social-pensions/about-social-pensions/social-pensions-around-the-world/〕
== Citizen's pension ==
The term "citizen's pension" (known also as universal pension, demogrant or categorical pension) is used to describe a social pension that realises the right to basic income in old age.〔http://larrywillmore.net/SocialPensions.pdf〕 Citizen's pensions are based in law and provide cash transfers to older people subject only to tests of age and citizenship/residency, never income, assets or other pension income. A citizen's pension is not a retirement pension. There is no income test, so it is not necessary to stop working to receive it.
Some researchers〔http://www.pension-watch.net/pensions/key-debates/key-debates/citizens-pensions/〕 apply the term "citizen's pension" to social pensions that exclude - partially or totally - older people with other pension income, irrespective of their non-pension income or wealth. "Universal minimum pension" is a better description of such a scheme, which tops up small pensions and provides full, basic pensions only to those with no other pension income.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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